What is BIM (Building Information Modeling)
Building Information Management is abbreviated as BIM. It is a highly collaborative process that enables architects, engineers, real estate developers, contractors, manufacturers, and other construction professionals to plan, design, and build a structure or building within a single 3D model.
It can also include building operation and management using data that building or structure owners have access to. This data enables governments, municipalities, and property managers to make informed decisions based on model information, even after the building is built.
From Blueprints to CAD to BIM
Previously, blueprints and illustrations were used to convey information about a specific building plan. This 2D approach made visualizing dimensions and requirements extremely difficult. Then came CAD (Computer Aided Design), which assisted drafters see the value of digital plans. Later, CAD became 3D, bringing more realistic graphics to blueprints. BIM (Building Information Modeling) is now the industry standard, but it is much more than a 3D model.
BIM Objects
Which comprise a BIM model, are intelligent, have geometry, and can store data. If any element is modified, BIM software updates the model to reflect the modification. This allows the model to be consistent and coordinated throughout the process, allowing structural engineers, architects, MEP engineers, designers, project managers, and contractors to collaborate more effectively.
Bim Objects / Families with regard to Revit Pendant Lighting – MenterArchitects.com
The “I” in BIM
BIM as a whole refers to the collaborative and data-sharing process of all parties involved in the construction and lifecycle management of built assets. The true power of Building Information Management, however, resides in the “I.” (information). From conception to completion, all information gathered is not only saved, but also actionable.
The data can be used to improve accuracy, communicate design intent from the office to the field, enhance knowledge transfer from stakeholder to stakeholder, reduce change orders and field coordination issues, and provide insight into existing buildings for future renovation projects.
How Is BIM Information Shared?
This information in a BIM model is shared via a mutually accessible online space known as a common data environment (CDE), and the data gathered is known as a “information model.” Information models can be used at any stage of a building’s life cycle, from conception to operation, including renovations and renewals.
Let’s move on to BIM levels now that we’ve covered what Building Information Management is and how it can be used.
What are BIM Levels?
For various types of projects, different levels of BIM can be achieved. Each level represents a distinct set of criteria demonstrating a specific level of’ maturity.’ Building Information Management levels range from 0 to 4D, 5D, and even 6D BIM. The goal of these levels is to determine how effectively or how much information is shared and managed throughout the process.
So, what does each level entail, and how can you tell which level you’re on? The first three levels are briefly described below, along with an explanation of the criteria involved at each stage.
Level 0: Paper-based drawings + zero collaboration
Level 0 BIM means not working collaboratively at all. You can safely say you’re at level 0 if you’re using 2D CAD and working with drawings and/or digital prints. Today, the majority of the industry is working above this level, though not every professional has adequate BIM training and some projects do not include BIM in contract specifications.
Level 1: 2D construction drawings + some 3D modeling
If you’re using 3D CAD for concept work but 2D for drafting production information and other documentation, you’re probably working with Level 1 BIM. At this level, CAD standards are managed in accordance with BS 1192:2007, and electronic data sharing is carried out via a common data environment (CDE), which is typically managed by the contractor. Many businesses are using Level 1 BIM, which requires little collaboration and requires each stakeholder to publish and manage their own data.
Level 2: Teams work in their own 3D models
Level 2 BIM introduces a collaborative environment. Building Information Management Level 2 became a mandatory requirement on all publicly tendered projects in the UK in April 2016. France quickly followed with their own mandate in 2017.
At level 2, all team members use 3D CAD models, though not always in the same model. The manner in which stakeholders exchange information, on the other hand, distinguishes it from other levels. A common file format is used to share information about the design of a built environment.
Firms that combine this with their own data save time, money, and eliminate the need for rework. Because data is shared in this manner, CAD software must be able to export to a standard file format, such as IFC (Industry Foundation Class) or COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange).
Level 3: Teams work with a shared 3D model
Level 3 BIM is even more collaborative. That means that instead of each team member working in their own 3D model, everyone uses a single, shared project model. The model is located in a ‘central’ location and can be accessed and modified by anyone. This is known as Open BIM, and it means that another layer of protection against clashes is added, adding value to the project at every stage.
Benefits of Level 3 BIM are:
- Better overall 3D visualization of the project
- Collaboration between multiple teams and trades is simple.
- Simplified communication and comprehension of design intent
- Rework and revisions were reduced at every stage of the project.
Levels 4, 5, and 6: Adding in scheduling, cost, & sustainability information
Building Information Management level 4 introduces a new component to the information model: time. This data includes scheduling data that helps outline how long each phase of the project will take, as well as the sequencing of various components.
Viewing a 5D BIM model in a shared data environment in order to run a structure sequencing breakdown based on pour numbers.
Level 5 BIM extends the information model with cost estimations, budget analysis, and budget tracking. When working at this level of BIM, project owners can track and predict how much money will be spent over the course of the project.
Level 6 BIM information is useful for calculating a building’s energy consumption before it is built. This ensures that designers consider more than just the initial costs of an asset. Level 6 BIM ensures accurate predictions of energy consumption requirements and empowers stakeholders to build energy-efficient, sustainable structures.
Benefits of Levels 4, 5, and 6 BIM:
- improved site planning and scheduling
- Hand-offs between construction stages that are more efficient
- Cost visualization in real time
- Cost analysis has been simplified.
- Long-term energy consumption reduction
- Improved operational management of the building or structure following handover
The Future of BIM
Building Information Management is here to stay due to its obvious benefits.
It has clearly defined goals and objectives that benefit everyone who progresses through the levels. Without a doubt, the future of construction will be even more collaborative and digital. As Building Information Management becomes more sophisticated, 4D, 5D, and even 6D BIM will play a role in the process.
Stakeholders are increasingly walking through BIM models that used augmented and virtual reality. This practice can help contractors and manufacturers detect and train for clashes, architects sell their designs, and owners “see” into their structures and make better maintenance and retrofitting decisions.
Furthermore, there is a global effort to reduce construction waste. Much of this is due to inefficiencies, clashes, and rework in the supply chain. Working collaboratively in a BIM environment makes all of this less likely, paving the way for a brighter future.
Contact us
If you have any questions about the content of this guide, or for help with your project in general, please contact us by email. We will be happy to assist.
Website: www.themetaplans.com
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